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G. labiatus inhabits fast flowing water, whose bottom is covered with large rocks and coarse gravel. These fishes are very timid in the wild and lead a relatively reclusive life close to the substrate. The specimen above was caught in the Centurion River, a tributary of the Yaguarón River system in the border between Brasil and Uruguay, some 500 km northeast of Montevideo.
This insect is not well known partly because they mostly call from the tree tops as adults and then spend at least four years underground as immature insects feeding on tree roots. Static at low density but mobile at high density, males calling two or three times and then flying to another calling site.
The Caiman latirostris spends much of its time in the water. This is where it finds food – aquatic snails, crabs, and sometimes fish and snakes. But there are times when it is necessary to head for land, especially on the nesting season. A female mounds up a nest and lays between 21 and 38 eggs.
This species of piranha is frequently seen in Uruguay river. It has a silverish coloration, often with hints of green towards the upper body. They are covered with numberous small dark spots and have a very concave head shape. The older this fish gets, the more convex the shape of the head gets. The usual color is bright gold to yellow in the lower body, changing to a silverish yellow the further you get to the back.
Uruguay´s highly complex and biologically diversified climax vegetation consists of prairie grasslands in which lawn and creeping grass varieties prevail. These comprise overall approximately 2,500 different species, distributed in over 80 families, including more than 400 species from the graminaceae family. Despite the impact of grazing by cattle, sheep and horses over the past three centuries, the native grassland has shown a remarkable capacity to adapt and retain its biological and economic sustainability. In the past, the prairies formed the principal pillar of Uruguay’s economic development as well as of its social and political history. Even today, native pasture still accounts for over 80% of land use and remains as important as ever for Uruguay’s export trade (meat, wool, leather and dairy).
La compleja biodiversidad de la vegetación de Uruguay comprende principalmente a especies de pradera en las cuales dominan los pastos y plantas rastreras. Existen alrededor de 2,500 especies distribuídas en más de 80 familias entre las que se incluyen 400 especies de la familia de las gramíneas. Pese al impacto del ganado en el transcurso de los tres últimos siglos, la pradera nativa ha demostrado una sorprendente capacidad para adaptarse, reteniendo su sustentabilidad biológica y económica. En el pasado las praderas constituían el pilar principal del desarrollo económico del país, así como de historia social y política. Aún hoy las pasturas nativas representan el 80% de la tierra y son de vital importancia para la exportación de carne, lana, cueros y lácteos.
The Hemiptera is the largest and by far the most sucessful of the Hemimetabolic insects (having young that look like wingless adults and a sort of metamorphosis that does not involve a pupa).The hemiptera range from 1 mm to 11 cm in length, their antennae usually only have 4 or 5 segments. Two or 3 ocelli are usual and their compound eyes are normally well developed. The main feature of these insects is the mouthparts which are of the piercing/sucking type. Within this group the wings of the Heteropterans are usually held flat over the body and the forewings which are hard and stiff almost like beetle elytra, have the end part soft and membranous. Therefore, Heteropteran forewings are referred to as ‘hemi-elytra’. El género Hempitera es el más grande y exitoso de los insectos hemimetabólicos (aquellos cuyas crías parecen adultos sin alas y poseen una clase de metamorfosis que no involucra el estadio de pupa). Su tamaño varía entre 1 mm y 10 cm de longitud y sus antenas usualmente tienen solamente 4 o 5 segmentos. Usualmente se distinguen dos o tres ocelos junto con sus ojos compuestos que se hallan bien desarrollados. La característica principal de este género son sus piezas bucales que están diseñadas para picar y chupar. Dentro de este género los heterópteros pliegan sus alas sobre el cuerpo. Las alas anteriores son rígidas como los élitros de los escarabajos, terminando en una protuberancia suave y membranosa. Es por ello que se denominan ‘Hemiélitros’.
Pike Cichlids are a group of South American fishes of the genus Crenicichla. They inhabit the freshwater streams, rivers and pools of most of the Amazonian rivers, but there are many species all the way down to coastal regions of central Argentina and Uruguay. Crenicichla or Pike cichlids as their name implies, are mostly predatory, consuming small fish for prey. Most of them have an elongated body and a wide, protrusible mouth – features common to many predatory fish.
Los cabeza amarga son un grupo de peces del género Crenicichla. Habitan los cursos de agua dulce en la mayoría de los tributarios del Amazonas pero también existen especies en las regiones costeras de Argentina y Uruguay. Son peces predadores que consumen otros peces de porte más pequeño. La mayoría de ellos poseen cuerpo alargado y boca saliente, una característica típica de los peces con estos hábitos alimenticios. Desovan usualmente en pequeñas oquedades, lo que hace muy difícil de hallar sus huevos. La hembra es responsable por su cuidado mientras que el macho se encarga de vigilar e intimidar a los intrusos que acerquen demasiado. Las crías nacen entre los 3 y 4 días de la puesta y pueden nadar libremente 3 o 4 días más tarde, dependiendo de la temperatura circundante.
(Río Cuareim – Artigas)
The males of this cichlid have a huge clear liquid filled ‘hump’ on their forehead that starts at the top of the head at the beginning of the dorsal fin and continues down to the upper lip. The shape of this ‘hump’ gives them a very square and large looking head. They also shimmer with dazzling iridescent colored speckles on their sides ranging from green to blue. These beautiful speckles could also be seen in their ventral and anal fins. The male has a long extension on his dorsal fin as seen in most cichlid species. Both sexes have also the vertical bars. The females are a bit smaller than the males and lack hump.
Los machos de este cíclido poseen una protuberancia llena de líquido en su frente, la cual comienza en la parte superior de la cabeza al comienzo de la aleta dorsal y continúa hasta el labio superior dándoles una forma casi cuadrada. Sus escamas brillan con colores iridescentes que varían del verde al azul. Dichas iridiscencias pueden también verse en la aleta dorsal y anal. Otro aspecto característico de los machos es una larga extensión en ambos extremos de la cola como ocurre en muchos cíclidos. Ambos sexos poseen barras verticales. Las hembras a su vez son más pequeñas y carecen de la joroba.
(Río Uruguay – Salto)
This widespread rhino beetle is considered as a real plague by farmers due to the damage maggots (larvae) cause to crops by eating roots and tubercles. In captivity, however, the larvae feed on rotten compost and wood and will not feed on any but the most rotted wood. Female imagoes (pupae) are easy to distinguish from males since only the latter have horns.
Este escarabajo ampliamente distribuído en Uruguay es considerado como una plaga dado el daño que causan las larvas a los plantíos alimentandose de raíces y tubérculos. En cautividad, sin embargo, las larvas solamente suelen alimentarse de madera y materia orgánica en putrefacción. Las pupas hembras son fácilmente distinguibles de los machos dado que solamente los primeros presentan cuernos.
(Montevideo)
There are over 2000 species of cacti, and these can be arranged in a system based on their presumed degrees of relationship. Within the cactus family (Opuntiae) it is generally accepted that plants fall into three natural groups, called sub-families, which evolved perhaps by 20 million years ago as a result of a gradual adaptive evolutionary process. By this time, Plate Tectonics had spread the Atlantic sea floor to such a width that these adaptations were absolutely confined to the Americas. Consequently, Cactaceae are native only to the Americas.
Notocactus is a genus of about 25 species of South-American cacti from low elevations of Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil. They are grown for their spine formations, as well as for their attractive flowers. The genus name comes from the Greek for “cactus from the south”. It has now been merged with Parodia. Since the name Parodia was used before Notocactus, it has precedence and all the Notocactus became Parodia.
Notocactus are almost always globose, elongating as they age, some species eventually reach 3 feet (90 cm). Their flowers are bell shaped, yellow, or occasionally red. They come in groups of 3 or 4 at several times during the year Each flower lasts around a week.
The endemic South American family of freshwater crabs, the Aeglidae, currently consists of two genera: the fossil Haumuriaegla and the extant Aegla. In the latter genus there are 60 described species from the Southern cone (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay), with their distribution being limited between latitudes 20ºS and 50ºS. Very little is known about the reproductive biology of Aegla.
La endémica familia sudamericana de cangrejos de agua dulce, los Aeglidae, consisten en dos géneros: el extinto Haumuriaegla y el existente Aegla. En este último género habrían 60 especies descriptas; todas ellas ubicadas en el cono sur con una distribución limitada entre las latitudes 20ºS y 50ºS. Muy poco se sabe acerca de la biología reproductiva de los Aegla.
(Laguna próxima al arroyo Convento – Cerro Largo)
Orb Weavers build large, strong, vertical orb webs. Generally, the spider constructs its web in the evenings and takes it down again at dawn. The spider rests head-down in the centre of the web, waiting for prey. During the day, the spider rests on nearby foliage with its legs drawn under the body. Flying insects such as flies, beetles and bugs are common prey. Butterflies and day-active moths are sometimes caught but are partially protected from web entrapment by the presence of scales on their wings – these scales can be shed and this may allow the insect to struggle free of the sticky web. The female of the Nephila species greatly out-sizes the male. So, very often the male Nephila spider is mistaken for an offspring when it is found on the web with the female because of its small size and different color.
There are about 6500 existant species of dragonflies and damselflies in just over 600 genera. Adult dragonflies are medium to large in size, often conspicuous and/or brightly colored insects and are aerial predators hunting by sight. They generally are found at or near fresh water although some species roam widely and may be found far from their breeding sites. The larvae are predatory, aquatic and occur in all manner of inland waters.
To some extent the presence of dragonflies may be taken as an indicator of ecosystem quality. Local faunal composition may be strongly affected by any change in water flow, turbidity, etc., or in aquatic or waterside vegetation. The greatest numbers of species are found at sites which offer a wide variety of microhabitats.
The order Odonata to which dragonflies belong is divided into two main suborders: Zygoptera (damselflies) and Anisoptera (dragonflies). The common name “dragonfly” also is used for the whole order. More than one-half of all species are tropical but odonates of both major suborders occur in every faunal region except Antarctica.